Editorial

Volume 9 | Issue 2 | May-August 2023 | Page: 01 | Jayanth S. Sampath

DOI- https://doi.org/10.13107/ijpo.2023.v09.i02.162

Authors: Jayanth S. Sampath FRCSEd (Tr & Orth) [1]

[1] Department of Orthopaedics, Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Address of Correspondence

Dr. Jayanth S. Sampath,
Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
E-mail: editor.posi.ijpo@gmail.com

Editorial

On behalf of the Editorial Committee of Paediatric Orthopaedic Society of India, we are pleased to release the next issue of IJPO. The recent changes to the structure of our editorial board has allowed us to finalise this issue within a short time.
This issue of IJPO has several highlights. It features 5 original articles and 2 case reports by POSI members on a wide variety of topics within paediatric orthopaedics including hip dysplasia, children’s fractures, infection, and cerebral palsy. I would call the attention of the reader to a long-term epidemiological study on the incidence of fractures in adolescents. This work highlights that population-wide data collection is possible in the developing world, providing new insights into the aetiology and pathogenesis of musculoskeletal disorders in children.
We would like to invite our readers, particularly members of POSI and paediatric orthopaedic academic societies around the world, to join our panel of reviewers. This will provide an insight into the review process and contribute to the dissemination of knowledge within the profession.
We invite your suggestions and comments for any improvements to the journal. Kindly write to us editor.ijpo@gmail.com
I would like to acknowledge the contributions of Dr Gaurav Gupta, Associate Editor and Mr Saurabh Pullawar from Indian Orthopaedic Research Group who manages the page proofs, communications and the IJPO website.

Sincerely
Dr Jayanth S Sampath
Editor,
International Journal of Paediatric Orthopaedics

How to Cite this Article:  Sampat JS | Editorial | International Journal of Paediatric Orthopaedics | May-August 2023;9(2): 01. https://doi.org/10.13107/ijpo.2023.v09.i02.162

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Bimodal Presentation of Septic Shoulder as Shoulder Dislocation in Children

Volume 9 | Issue 2 | May-August 2023 | Page: 02-05 | Md. Rakibul Hassan, Qaisur Rabbi, Ayesha Hasina, Mehedi Hasan, Mahfoozur Rahman

DOI- https://doi.org/10.13107/ijpo.2023.v09.i02.163

Submitted: 21/11/2022; Reviewed: 20/12/2022; Accepted: 15/06/2023; Published: 10/08/2023

Authors: Md. Rakibul Hassan D-Ortho, MRCS (UK) [1], Qaisur Rabbi D-Ortho [2], Ayesha Hasina FCPS (Paed), MD (Paed), MCPS (Paed) [3], Mehedi Hasan MRCS (UK) [4], Mahfoozur Rahman D-Ortho [5]

[1] Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma & Spine Surgery Unit, Sheikh Fazilatunnessa Mujib Memorial KPJ Specialized Hospital, Gazipur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
[2] Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Centre of Rehabilitation for Paralyzed, Savar & Mirpur-14, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
[3] Department of Paediatric & Neonatology, Sheikh Fazilatunnessa Mujib Memorial KPJ Specialized Hospital, Gazipur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
[4] Department of Orthopaedics, Ahsania Mission Cancer Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
[5] Department of Trauma & Paediatric Orthopaedics, Eastern Medical Collage & Hospital, Cumilla, Bangladesh.

Address of Correspondence

Dr. Md. Rakibul Hassan,
Consultant, Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma & Spine Surgery, Sheikh Fazilatunnessa Mujib Memorial KPJ Specialized Hospital, Gazipur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
E-mail: rimon.rakibulhassan@gmail.com

Abstract

Introduction: The presence of a largely cartilaginous humeral head in children makes it difficult to diagnose septic arthritis of the shoulder.
Patients and methods: We conducted a case note review of five patients who presented with septic arthritis of shoulder joint.
Results: The age of the affected children ranged from 6 months to 10 years. Patients presented on average after 22 days from onset of symptoms. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were obtained on pus culture. All cases were treated operatively by arthrotomy and drainage along with appropriate antibiotic administration for a period of 6 weeks.
Conclusion: Successful treatment of septic arthritis of the shoulder was achieved in all cases. At an average follow-up of 6 months, good outcome was noted with restoration of full range of shoulder movements.
Keywords: Septic shoulder, Children, Shoulder dislocation

References

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3.Arnold JC, Bradley JS. Osteoarticular infections in children. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2015; 29:557–574 .
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5. Lejman T., Strong M., Michno P., Hayman M. Septic arthritis of the shoulder during the first 18 months of life. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics. 1995;15(2):172–175. doi: 10.1097/01241398-199503000-00008.
6. Perlman M. H., Patzakis M. J., Kumar P. J., Holtom P. The incidence of joint involvement with adjacent osteomyelitis in pediatric patients. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics. 2000;20(1):40–43. doi: 10.1097/00004694-200001000-00009.
7. Melville J. M., Moss T. J. M. The immune consequences of preterm birth. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2013;7, article 79 doi: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00079.
8. Ogden J. A. Pediatric osteomyelitis and septic arthritis: the pathology of neonatal disease. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. 1979;52(5):423–448.
9. Sen E. S., Clarke S. L. N., Ramanan A. V. The child with joint pain in primary care. Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology. 2014;28(6):888–906. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2015.04.008.
10. Pääkkönen M., Kallio M. J. T., Kallio P. E., Peltola H. Sensitivity of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in childhood bone and joint infections. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2010;468(3):861–866. doi: 10.1007/s11999-009-0936-1.
11. Belthur M. V., Palazzi D. L., Miller J. A., Phillips W. A., Weinberg J. A clinical analysis of shoulder and hip joint infections in children. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics. 2009;29(7):828–833. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3181b76a91.
12. Schallert E. K., Herman Kan J., Monsalve J., Zhang W., Bisset G. S., Rosenfeld S. Metaphyseal osteomyelitis in children: how often does MRI-documented joint effusion or epiphyseal extension of edema indicate coexisting septic arthritis? Pediatric Radiology. 2015:45 (8):1174–1181. doi: 10.1007/s00247-015-3293-0.
13. Volberg FM, Sumner TE, Abramson JS, Winchester PH. Unreliability of radiographic diagnosis of septic hip in children. Pediatrics 1984;73:118–20
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15. Gordon JE, Huang M, Dobbs M, et al. Causes of false-negative ultrasound scans in the diagnosis of septic arthritis of the hip in children. J Pediatr Orthop 2002;22:312–16.
16. Zawin JK, Hoffer FA, Rand FF, Teele RL. Joint effusion in children with an irritable hip: US diagnosis and aspiration. Radiology 1993;187:459–63.
17. Mazur JM, Ross G, Cummings J, Hahn GA Jr, McCluskey WP. Usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of acute musculoskeletal infections in children. J Pediatr Orthop 1995;15:144–7.
18. Gillespie R: septic arthritis of childhood. Clin Orthop 96:152-159. 1973
19. Griffin PP: Bone and joint infections in children. Pedi11tr Clin North Am 14:533-548. 1967
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21. Morrey BF. Bianco AJ Jr. Rhodes RH: Septic arthritis in children. Ortho C/in North Am 6:923-934. 1975
22. Nelson JD: The bacterial etiology and antibiotic manage­ment of septic arthritis in infants and children. Pediatrics 50:437-440. 1972
23. Tuson CE, Hoffman EB, Mann MD. Isotope bone scanning for acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1994;76-B:306–10
24. Sundberg SB, Savage JP, Foster BK. Technetium phosphate bone scan in the diagnosis of septic arthritis in childhood. J Pediatr Orthop 1989;9:579–85
25. Bos CF, Mol LJ, Obermann WR, Tjin a Ton ER. Late sequelae of neonatal septic arthritis of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1998; 80:645–650.
26. Ernat J, Riccio AI, Fitzpatrick K, Jo C, Wimberly RL. Osteomyelitis is commonly associated with septic arthritis of the shoulder in children. J Pediatr Orthop 2017; 37:547–552
27. Xu G, Spoerri M, Rutz E. Surgical treatment options for septic arthritis of the hip in children. Afr J Paediatr Surg 2016; 13:1–5.

How to Cite this Article: Hassan MR, Rabbi Q, Hasina A, Hasan M, Rahman M | Bimodal Presentation of Septic Shoulder as Shoulder Dislocation in Children | International Journal of Paediatric Orthopaedics | May-August 2023; 9(2): 02-05 | https://doi.org/10.13107/ijpo.2023.v09.i02.163

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Role of Biodegradable Cement in Musculoskeletal Infection in the Pediatric Population

Volume 9 | Issue 2 | May-August 2023 | Page: 16-20 | Cury Sharma, Vivek Singh, Aditya Gowda, Parshwanath Bondarde, Naveen Kumar, Ch Sri Madhusudhan, Vikas Maheshwari

DOI- https://doi.org/10.13107/ijpo.2023.v09.i02.166

Submitted: 14/12/2022; Reviewed: 17/02/2023; Accepted: 20/06/2023; Published: 18/08/2023

Authors: Cury Sharma MS Ortho [1], Vivek Singh MS Ortho [1], Aditya Gowda MS Ortho [1], Parshwanath Bondarde MBBS [2], Naveen Kumar MS Ortho, MCH Paediatric Orthopaedics [1], Ch Sri Madhusudhan MBBS [2], Vikas Maheshwari MS Ortho [1]

[1] Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.

[2] MBBS, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.

Address of Correspondence

Dr. Vivek Singh
Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.
E-mail: singhvr27@gmail.com

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic osteomyelitis presents a significant challenge when it comes to treatment in children. Despite thorough radical debridement and extended antibiotic courses, it often proves resistant to resolution. The literature lacks definitive guidelines on the optimal management of chronic osteomyelitis, leaving several unanswered questions.
Patients and methods: The study comprised all patients who underwent surgery in the year 2022. After clinical history, examination, radiological studies, and blood investigations; single stage debridement and bone cement beads application was performed and patients were followed up for a period of 12 months.
Result: Eighteen patients (12 males and 6 females) with a mean age 6 years requiring surgical debridement were included in the study. Involved bones were tibia (12%), ulna (6%), humerus (6%), and femur (76%). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) normalized in a mean time of 2.3 months and C-reactive protein (CRP) normalised in a mean time of 2.3 weeks. The average duration of infection prior to treatment was 5.6 months (Table 2). The most common organism isolated was Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Table 4) and most common antibiotic sensitivity found was with Linezolid (58%) followed by Vancomycin (41%). Mean bone healing time radiologically was 3.3 months and mean cement absorption time was 2.6 months.
At 1 year follow up, all patients had healing both clinically and radiologically. There was reactivation of infection in 1 patient that settled with antibiotic therapy only. None of the children in the series required reoperation for infection.o signs of relapse at 1 year follow up and 0 percent – reoperation.
Conclusion: The addition of biodegradable cement increases the rate of eradication of infection during treatment of chronic osteomyelitis in children. Antibiotic course should be continued until the ESR and CRP normalise with an initial short intravenous course.
Keywords: Chronic osteomyelitis, Stimulan, Paediatric

References

1. Disch K, Hill DA, Snow H, Dehority W. Clinical outcomes of pediatric osteomyelitis. BMC Pediatrics [Internet]. 2023 Feb 3 [cited 2024 Aug 21];23(1):54. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-03863-z
2. Humm G, Noor S, Bridgeman P, David M, Bose D. Adjuvant treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia following exogenous trauma using OSTEOSET®-T: a review of 21 patients in a regional trauma centre. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr. 2014 Nov;9(3):157–61.
3. Zhang Y, Liang R jia, Xu J jiao, Shen L feng, Gao J qing, Wang X ping, et al. Efficient induction of antimicrobial activity with vancomycin nanoparticle-loaded poly(trimethylene carbonate) localized drug delivery system. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2017 Feb 10;12:1201–14.
4. Wassif RK, Elkayal M, Shamma RN, Elkheshen SA. Recent advances in the local antibiotics delivery systems for management of osteomyelitis. Drug Delivery [Internet]. 2021 Jan 1 [cited 2023 Oct 19]; Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10717544.2021.1998246
5. Markakis K, Faris AR, Sharaf H, Faris B, Rees S, Bowling FL. Local Antibiotic Delivery Systems: Current and Future Applications for Diabetic Foot Infections. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2018 Mar;17(1):14–21.
6. Tolerance and resistance of microbial biofilms | Nature Reviews Microbiology [Internet]. [cited 2024 Feb 3]. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-022-00682-4
7. Gitelis S, Brebach GT. The treatment of chronic osteomyelitis with a biodegradable antibiotic-impregnated implant. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2002 Jun;10(1):53–60.
8. Beuerlein MJS, McKee MD. Calcium sulfates: what is the evidence? J Orthop Trauma. 2010 Mar;24 Suppl 1:S46-51.
9. Maale GE, Eager JJ, Mohammadi DK, Calderon FA. Elution Profiles of Synthetic CaSO4 Hemihydrate Beads Loaded with Vancomycin and Tobramycin. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2020;45(4):547–55.

How to Cite this Article:  Sharma C, Singh V, Gowda A, Bondarde P, Kumar N, Srimadhusudhan C, Maheshwari V | Role of Biodegradable Cement in Musculoskeletal Infection in the Pediatric Population | International Journal of Paediatric Orthopaedics | May-August 2023; 9(2): 16-20. https://doi.org/10.13107/ijpo.2023.v09.i02.166

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Incidence of Distal Radius Fracture in Children Peaks Around the Pubertal Growth Spurt: A Hospital-Based Study Over Twelve Years (2000 to 2011)

Volume 9 | Issue 2 | May-August 2023 | Page: 10-15 | Raghavendra S. Kulkarni, SriRam R. Kulkani

DOI- https://doi.org/10.13107/ijpo.2023.v09.i02.165

Submitted: 14/05/2023; Reviewed: 28/05/2023; Accepted: 29/06/2023; Published: 10/08/2023

Authors: Raghavendra S. Kulkarni MS Ortho [1], SriRam R. Kulkani MS Ortho [2]

[1] Department of Orthopaedics, SSPM Medical College & Lifetime Hospital, Padve, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra, India.
[2] Department of Orthopaedics, ACPM Medical College & Hospital, Dhule, Maharashtra, India.

Address of Correspondence

Dr. Raghavendra S. Kulkarni,
Professor of Orthopaedics & Medical Superintendent, SSPM Medical College & Lifetime Hospital, Padve, 415634 Sindhudurg, Maharashtra, India.
E-mail: rskulkarnics53@gmail.com

Abstract

Introduction: A significant asynchrony between statural growth rate and mineral mass accrual may contribute to the increased prevalence of low-energy fractures observed during puberty. This disparity is most pronounced when the compact bone of the radius exhibits a temporary surge in porosity concurrent with the most rapid phase of linear growth.
Materials & Methods: The district hospital, Sindhadurg complete medical records are used to identify all distal radius fracture younger than 18 years, treated during 2000 to 2011. The medical record linkage system of regular and periodical school health medical examination performed by medical officers tested biannually, anthropometrically, physiologically and clinically for whole district children provides the unique data on velocity of growth. This demographic data of distal radius fracture in children and adolescents are compared with, documentation of longitudinal velocity of growth of the same children that was collected during the identical time period for children from the same student population of Sindhudurg.
Results: After adjusting for age and sex, the annual incidence rates per 100,000 population showed a statistically significant increase from 2.8 (95% CI 2.4-3.3) in 2000, to 6.3 (95% CI 5.7-6.9) in 2006, and 12.7 (95% CI 11.9-13.4) in 2011. The average age for peak growth velocity was 14.2 years in boys and 12.6 years in girls, according to the Government of Maharashtra’s school health program. Notably, the incidence of fractures peaked at ages 13.1 to 15.2 in boys and 11.4 to 13.8 in girls.
Conclusion: This long term data for the whole Sindhudurg district indicates a correlation between the peak incidence of distal radius fractures and the age of maximum growth velocity in both boys and girls, suggesting a potential vulnerability during this critical growth phase.
Keywords: Distal radius fracture in children, adolescent, puberty, growth spurt, longitudinal velocity of growth.

References

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How to Cite this Article:  Kulkarni RS, Kulkani SR |  Incidence of Distal Radius Fracture in Children Peaks Around the Pubertal Growth Spurt: A Hospital-Based Study Over Twelve Years (2000 to 2011) | International Journal of Paediatric Orthopaedics | May-August 2023; 9(2): 10-15 | https://doi.org/10.13107/ijpo.2023.v09.i02.165

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A Rare Case Report of Congenital Subtalar Dislocation

Volume 9 | Issue 2 | May-August 2023 | Page: 27-29 | Harsharan Singh Oberoi, Baldish Singh Oberoi

DOI- https://doi.org/10.13107/ijpo.2023.v09.i02.168

Submitted: 21/03/2023; Reviewed: 18/04/2023; Accepted: 11/06/2023; Published: 10/08/2023

Authors: Harsharan Singh Oberoi MS Ortho [1], Baldish Singh Oberoi MS Ortho [1]

[1] Department of Orthopaedics, Oberoi Hospital, Jalandhar City, Punjab, India.

Address of Correspondence

Dr. Baldish Singh Oberoi
Orthopaedic Surgeon, Oberoi Hospital, Jalandhar City, Punjab, Jalandhar City, Punjab, India.
E-mail: baldishoberoi@gmail.com

Abstract

Congenital dislocation of the subtalar joint is a very rare deformity and one of the causes of the calcaneovalgus foot. Only 2 cases were reported earlier in the literature. We are reporting the third case. A seven year old female child came to our hospital with a deformity of the left foot noticed by parents at birth. There was no history of trauma. The patient was treated in early childhood with casting. On examination the foot was in severe valgus and the patient was bearing weight on the medial malleolus. Calcaneus was displaced laterally. Radiographs and a CT scan of the left foot confirmed the diagnosis of a congenital subtalar dislocation. Surgical correction was achieved through lengthening of various tendons and release of subtalar joint followed by fixation with a K wire.
Keywords: Congenital subtalar dislocation, Calcaneovalgus foot, K wire fixation, Ankle foot orthosis

References

1. Mathias RG, Lule JK, Waiswa G, Naddumba EK, Pirani S. Incidence of clubfoot in Uganda. Can J Public Health. 2010 Jul-Aug;101(4):341-4.
2. LLOYD-ROBERTS GC, SPENCE AJ. Congenital vertical talus. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1958 Feb;40-B(1):33-41.
3. Saini R, Dhillon MS, Gill SS. Congenital subtalar dislocation–a case report. Foot (Edinb). 2009 Sep;19(3):181-5.
4. Buckingham WW Jr, LeFlore I. Subtalar dislocation of the foot. J Trauma. 1973 Sep;13(9):753-65.
5. Achterman C, Kalamchi A. Congenital deficiency of the fibula. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1979 May;61-B(2):133-7.
6. Kaufmann RA, Davidson R, McCarthy J. Bilateral congenital subtalar dislocation: a case report. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002 Apr;(397):381-4.

How to Cite this Article:  Oberoi HS, Oberoi BS | A Rare Case Report of Congenital Subtalar Dislocation | International Journal of Paediatric Orthopaedics | May-August 2023; 9(2): 27-29. https://doi.org/10.13107/ijpo.2023.v09.i02.168

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Split Transfer of Tibialis Posterior for Dynamic Equinovarus Deformity in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Volume 9 | Issue 2 | May-August 2023 | Page: 06-09 | Ravi Chandra Vattipalli, Manoranjan Bandela

DOI- https://doi.org/10.13107/ijpo.2023.v09.i02.164

Submitted: 14/12/2022; Reviewed: 12/02/2023; Accepted: 15/05/2023; Published: 10/08/2023

Authors: Ravi Chandra Vattipalli DNB Ortho, Manoranjan Bandela MS Ortho 

[1] Department of Orthopaedics, Apollo Hospitals, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Address of Correspondence

Dr. Ravichandra Vattipalli,
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Apollo Hospitals, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
E-mail: vatravi@hotmail.com

Abstract

Children with cerebral palsy often have foot deformities, equinovarus being one of the most common deformities. Several procedures have been advocated, centered around rerouting the tibialis posterior tendon. Whole transfer of the tendon is associated with poor results. The current study aims to establish the efficacy of split tendon transfer of the posterior tibial tendon rerouted through the interosseous membrane and anchored to the lateral cuneiform. Surgical results were analyzed using an indigenously developed score, considering the cultural need for bare foot walking.
Keywords- Split tendon transfer of tibialis posterior, Equinovarus deformity, Cerebral palsy

References

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How to Cite this Article:  Vattipalli R, Bandela M | Split Transfer of Tibialis Posterior for Dynamic Equinovarus Deformity in Children with Cerebral Palsy | International Journal of Paediatric Orthopaedics | May-August 2023; 9(2): 06-09 | https://doi.org/10.13107/ijpo.2023.v09.i02.164

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Functional Outcome after Revision Surgery for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)

Volume 9 | Issue 2 | May-August 2023 | Page: 21-26 | Atul Bhaskar

DOI- https://doi.org/10.13107/ijpo.2023.v09.i02.167

Submitted: 24/02/2023; Reviewed: 18/03/2023; Accepted: 25/05/2023; Published: 10/08/2023

Authors: Atul Bhaskar MS Ortho, FRCS Ortho [1]

[1] Department of Orthopaedics, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Address of Correspondence

Dr. Atul Bhaskar,
Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedics, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
E-mail: arb_25@yahoo.com

Abstract

Background: Failure after primary DDH surgery can occur early or immediate, delayed (within six months) and late due to poor remodelling. We report the short-term results after revision surgery in eighteen children including four early and 14 delayed failures.
Patient and Methods: Between 2002 and 2017, eighteen children (19 hips) underwent primary surgery at a mean age of 19 months (range: 9 months – 24 months). There were 12 girls and 6 boys in the study, with nine left and eight right sided dislocations. One child had bilateral dislocation. The mean age at revision surgery was 30 months (range: 22 months – 48 months).
Results: All cases were assessed with the modified Ponseti score to include squatting and cross-leg sitting. Eleven children (61%) were completely pain free, able to squat (Modified Ponseti score 1 and 2), three (17%) had mild limp and four (22%) had gross limitation of function. Avascular necrosis (AVN) was recorded according to Kalamchi and MacEwen criteria. Nine hips (50%) had mild AVN and six (33%) had coxa valga due to lateral physeal arrest.
The radiological outcome at final radiograph was based on Severin grade. Only 4 hips (22%) had a spherical head. Ten hips had moderate deformity (55%) and 5 hips (27%) had aspherical incongruency.
Conclusion: Early and delayed failures in DDH surgery are mainly due to inadequate initial exposure and poor hip stabilization techniques. About 50% of the revision cases had a satisfactory outcome on short term follow-up.
Keywords: Hip, Revision, Surgery, Function, Outcome

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How to Cite this Article:  Bhaskar | A Functional Outcome after Revision Surgery for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) | International Journal of Paediatric Orthopaedics | May-August 2023; 9(2): 21-26. https://doi.org/10.13107/ijpo.2023.v09.i02.167

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