Editorial

Volume 7 | Issue 1 | January-April 2021 | Page: 01 | Jayant  S. Sampat

Authors: Jayant S. Sampath FRCSEd (Tr&Orth) [1]

[1] Department of Orthopaedics, Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Jayanth S. Sampath,
Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
E-mail: editor.posi.ijpo@gmail.com

Dear Friends
On behalf of the Editorial Board, I am pleased to present the 1st issue of IJPO for the year 2021. As the world grapples with the pandemic, it has been difficult to find the right frame of mind for research and publication. We would like to record our gratitude to the contributors for the timely completion of the submission and review process.
Dr Maulin Shah has ably curated a symposium on Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy (BPBP) for this issue. The authors include doyens in the field of Brachial Plexus surgery in India. We thank the senior authors for generously sharing their immense experience in managing this difficult problem. The symposium will hopefully act as a practical reference for trainees and practising orthopaedic surgeons alike.
The original articles in this issue deal with familiar problems in Paediatric Orthopaedics namely clubfoot, chronic osteomyelitis and supracondylar fractures of the humerus. The authors describe their experience of managing these problems in a resource-limited setting whilst constantly striving to question current practice and suggest improvements.
We are still a fledgling organisation and need your support to reach greater heights. Please do consider IJPO, the official journal of Paediatric Orthopaedic Society of India when submitting your research work for peer-reviewed publication. The Editorial Board members are making special efforts to improve submitted manuscripts in terms of language and content.
Dr Jayanth S Sampath FRCSEd (Tr & Orth)
Editor.

 

How to Cite this Article:  Sampat JS  | Editorial | International Journal of Paediatric Orthopaedics | January-April 2021; 7(1): 01.

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Editorial

Volume 6 | Issue 2 | May-August 2020 | Page: 2-3 | Jayant S Sampath

Authors: Jayant S Sampath [1]

[1] Department of Orthopaedics, Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Jayanth S Sampath,
Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
E-mail: editor.posi.ijpo@gmail.com,

Dear Friends,
This issue comes with the exciting news that Paediatric Orthopaedic Society of India (POSI) has recognised International Journal Of Paediatric Orthopaedics (IJPO) as its official journal.
IJPO was first published in 2015 with the aim of highlighting the treatment of paediatric orthopaedic conditions in the developing world setting. It is well recognised that existing reputable journals tend to focus on the latest technique or device; resources that may not be available to surgeons in emergent nations or affordable by their patients. Through symposia on practical management of supracondylar fractures, clubfoot and radial clubhand; IJPO has made an energetic beginning in tackling this issue. In addition to traditionally written papers, the journal invites authors to submit a summary of their work as a PowerPoint presentation or videos to supplement an article about a new technique.
Over the last 25 years, POSI has emerged as the leading academic body for paediatric orthopaedics in the Asia-Pacific region. Through its commitment to teaching and research, it has forged strong partnerships with sister societies throughout the world. Several ongoing academic collaborations, travelling fellowships, and joint research projects are destined to bear rich fruit in terms of new insights and understanding about the ongoing challenges in our day to day practice.
With the POSI collaboration, IJPO will be the favoured means of disseminating information to the paediatric orthopaedic community at large. Our call for expansion of the Editorial Board met with an enthusiastic response from POSI members. The new board represents a cross-section of members from across the country and different levels of seniority. With this newfound vigour, we endeavour to review your articles and provide a response quickly. Submissions that require further work will be provided mentorship from a senior POSI member. We aim to get you published without any compromise on quality or the peer-review process.
Our readers’ time will be better utilised if the latest trends and developments are summarised in the form of symposia on specific topics and review articles. IJPO will continue to serve this need with high-quality papers from experts in the field. We will also publish practice guidelines which are brought out from time to time by academic societies throughout the world.
IJPO and POSI remain committed to providing surgeons with easy and free access to the journal. Full-text articles will therefore continue to remain accessible through the IJPO and POSI websites. POSI members are provided the additional benefit of publication without any article processing charge.
We invite all POSI members and well-wishers to join us in this effort to create a stronger journal with a bright long-term future. With your help, we can reach our next milestone of achieving indexation in PubMed.
I look forward to receiving your comments and suggestions on editor.posi.ijpo@gmail.com

Yours Sincerely,
Dr Jayanth S Sampath
Editor

How to Cite this Article: Sampath J | Editorial | International Journal of Paediatric Orthopaedics | May-August 2020; 6(2): 02-03.

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Can we Predict The Need for Secondary Procedures in Walking DDH?

Volume 6 | Issue 2 | May-August 2020 | Page: 53-58 | Hitesh Chauhan

Authors: Hitesh Chauhan [1]

[1] Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon, Radiant Children’s Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Hitesh Chauhan,
Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon,
Radiant Children’s Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan
E-mail: hitsanu5@gmail.com

Abstract

In developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) diagnosed after walking age, primary intervention in the form of open reduction with or without femoral and innominate osteotomy is the mainstay of treatment. Even in those where the primary reduction has been successful, many will require Further Corrective Surgery (FCS) at a later date. This review article discusses the factors which are important in predicting the need for FCS.
Keywords: DDH; Hip joint arthritis; Hip impingement; Hipdysplasia; Osteotomies in hip dysplasia.

References 

1. Steppacher SD, Tannast M, Ganz R, Siebenrock KA. Mean 20-year followup of Bernese periacetabular osteotomy. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466(7):1633-1644.
2. Bache CE, Graham HK, Dickens DR, et al. Ligamentum teres tenodesis in medial approach open reduction for developmental dislocation of the hip. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28(6):607-613.
3. Kalamchi A, Schmidt TL, MacEwen GD. Congenital dislocation of the hip – Open reduction by the medial approach. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982 Sep;(169):127-132.
4. Kasser JR, Bowen JR, MacEwen GD. Varus derotation osteotomy in the treatment of persistent dysplasia in congenital dislocation of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1985;67(2):195-202.
5. Luhmann SJ, Bassett GS, Gordon JE, Schootman M, Schoenecker PL. Reduction of a dislocation of the hip due to developmental dysplasia: implications for the need for future surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85(2):239-243.
6. Malvitz TA, SLWeinstein SL. Closed reduction for congenital dysplasia of the hip. Functional and radiographic results after an average of thirty years. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1994;76(12):1777-1792.
7. Powell EN, Gerratana FJ, Gage JR. Open reduction for congenital hip dislocation: the risk of avascular necrosis with three different approaches. J Pediatr Orthop. 1986;6(2):127-132.
8. Weinstein SL. Natural history of congenital hip dislocation (CDH) and hip dysplasia. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987;(225):62-76.
9. Ryan MG, Johnson LO, Quanbeck DS, Minkowitz B. One-stage treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip in children three to ten years old – Functional and radiographic results. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1998;80:336–344.
10. Vitale MG, Skaggs DL. Developmental dysplasia of the hip from six months to four years of age. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2001;9(6):401-411.
11. Holman J, Carroll KL, Murray KA, Macleod LM, Roach JW. Long-term follow-up of open reduction surgery for developmental dislocation of the hip. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012;32(2):121-124.
12. Thomas SR. A review of long-term outcomes for late presenting developmental hip dysplasia. Bone Joint J. 2015;97-B(6):729-733.
13. Vallamshetla VR, Mughal E, O’Hara JN. Congenital dislocation of the hip – A re-appraisal of the upper age limit for treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006;88(8):1076-1081.
14. Wang TM, Wu KW, Shih SF, Huang SC, Kuo KN. Outcomes of open reduction for developmental dysplasia of the hip: does bilateral dysplasia have a poorer outcome? J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013;95(12):1081-1086.
15. Ponseti IV, Frigerio ER. Results of treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1959;41(5):823-876.
16. Brougham D, Broughton NS, Cole WG, Menelaus MB. The predictability of acetabular development after closed reduction for congenital dislocation of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg(Br). 1988;70(5):733-736.
17. Cherney DL, Westin G. Acetabular development in the infant’s dislocated hips. Clin Orthop Related Res. 1989;242:98-103.
18. Albinana J, Dolan LA, Spratt KF, Morcuende J, Meyer MD, Weinstein SL. Acetabular dysplasia after treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip – Implications for secondary procedures. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2004;86(6):876-886.
19. Kitoh H, Kitakoji T, Katoh M, Ishiguro N. Prediction of acetabular development after closed reduction by overhead traction in developmental dysplasia of the hip. J Orthop Sci. 2006;11(5):473-477.
20. Spence G, Hocking R, Wedge JH, Roposch A. Effect of innominate and femoral varus derotation osteotomy on acetabular development in developmental dysplasia of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91(11):2622-2636.
21. Gillingham BL, Sanchez AA, Wenger DR. Pelvic osteotomies for the treatment of hip dysplasia in children and young adults. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1999;7(5):325-337.
22. Wakabayashi K, Wada I, Horiuchi O, Mizutani J, Tsuchiya D, Otsuka T. MRI findings in residual hip dysplasia. J Pediatr Orthop. 2011;31(4):381-387.
23. Galpin RD, Roach JW, Wenger DR, Herring JA, Birch JG. One-stage treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip in older children, including femoral shortening. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1989;71(5):734-741.
24. Dora C, Mascard E, Mladenov K, Seringe R. Retroversion of the acetabular dome after Salter and triple pelvic osteotomy for congenital dislocation of the hip. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2002;11(1):34-40.
25. Weiner LS, Kelley MA, Ulin RI, Wallach D. Development of the acetabulum and hip: computed tomography analysis of the axial plane. J Pediatr Orthop. 1993;13(4):421-425.
26. Browning W, Rosenkrantz H, Tarquinio T. Computed tomography in congenital hip dislocation – The role of acetabular anteversion. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64(1):27-31.
27. Lee DY, Choi IH, Lee CK, Cho TJ. Assessment of complex hip deformity using three-dimensional CT image. J Pediatr Orthop. 1991;11(1):13-19.
28. Mootha AK, Saini R, Dhillon MS, Aggarwal S, Kumar V, Tripathy SK. MRI evaluation of femoral and acetabular anteversion in developmental dysplasia of the hip. A study in an early walking age group. Acta Orthop Belg. 2010;76(2):174-180.
29. Günal T, Muratli HH, Hapa O, Celebi L, Gülçek S, Biçimoğlu A. Residual axial plane deformities after hip reconstruction for developmental dysplasia of the hip after walking age. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2007;16(2):84-89.
30. Tönnis D, Andreas A, Michael B, Achim H, Klaus K. Triple pelvic osteotomy. J Pediatr Orthop B. 1994;3(1):54-67.
31. Sarban S, Ozturk A, Tabur H, Isikan UE. Anteversion of the acetabulum and femoral neck in early walking age patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2005;14(6):410-414.
32. Steppacher SD, Tannast M, Werlen S, Siebenrock KA. Femoral morphology differs between deficient and excessive acetabular coverage. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466(4):782.
33. Sankar WN, Neubuerger CO, Moseley CF. Femoral head sphericity in untreated developmental dislocation of the hip. J Pediatr Orthop. 2010;30(6):558-561.
34. Gholve PA, John MF, Matthew RG, Michael BM, Young-Jo K. Predictors for secondary procedures in walking DDH. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012;32(3):282-289.
35. Wenger DR, Lee CS, Kolman B. Derotational femoral shortening for developmental dislocation of the hip: special indications and results in the child younger than 2 years. J Pediatr Orthop. 1995;15(6):768-779.
36. Mootha AK, Saini R, Dhillon M, Aggarwal S, Wardak E, Kumar V. Do we need femoral derotation osteotomy in DDH of early walking age group? A clinico-radiological correlation study. Arch Tr Orthop Surg. 2010;130(7):853-858.
37. Fixsen J. Anterior and posterior subluxation of the hip following innominate osteotomy. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1987;69:361-364.
38. Connolly P, Weinstein SL. The course and treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in developmental dysplasia of the hip. Acta Tr Orth Turc. 2007;41:54.
39. Terjesen T, Halvorsen V. Long-term results after closed reduction of late detected hip dislocation: 60 patients followed up to skeletal maturity. Acta Orth. 2007;78(2):236-246.
40. Brougham D, Broughton NS, Cole WG, Menelaus MB. Avascular necrosis following closed reduction of congenital dislocation of the hip. Review of influencing factors and long-term follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1990;72(4):557-562.
41. Roposch A, Liu LQ, Offiah AC, Wedge JH. Functional outcomes in children with osteonecrosis secondary to treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011;93(24):145.

How to Cite this Article: Chauhan H | Can we Predict The Need for Secondary Procedures in Walking DDH? | International Journal of Paediatric Orthopaedics | May-August 2020; 6(2): 53-58.

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Re-dislocation After Primary Open Reduction in DDH-Management and Early Results

Volume 6 | Issue 2 | May-August 2020 | Page: 48-52 | Vivek Singh, Sunny Chaudhary, Ramapriya Yasam, Varun Garg, Sitanshu Barik

Authors : Vivek Singh [1], Sunny Chaudhary [1], Ramapriya Yasam [1], Varun Garg [1], Sitanshu Barik [1]

[1] Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Vivek Singh,
Flat No-1/3,First floor,Type 2B,AIIMS Residential Complex,
Veerbhadra Marg, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand,India.
E-mail: singhvr27gmail.com

Abstract

Operative intervention is frequently required in children with developmental dysplasia of hip(DDH) who are >18 months old.The major early and delayed complications following operative intervention are redislocation, avascular necrosis, residual dysplasia and instability. Re-dislocation following primary successful reduction is a devastating
complication. The revision surgery is usually prolonged with more blood loss, risk of further complications and long term immobilisation in a spica cast. The revision surgery is technically demanding and require a lot of preoperative planning. There also remains a possibility of never achieving the reduction of femoral head. The authors present their experience of four cases of DDH which were successfully reduced by open reduction at index procedure but later re-dislocated and required secondary surgery. Careful preoperative planning with CT scan is a must,correcting the abnormal femoral version and providing the femoral head the coverage where exactly it is required is needed. The children after secondary procedure must always be kept under closed supervision till maturity.
Keywords: DDH; Re-dislocation; Open reduction.

References 

1. Hsiech SM, Huang SC. Treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip after failed open reduction. J Formos Med Assoc, 1998; 97: 763–9.
2. McCluskey WP, Bassett GS, Mora-Garcia G, MacEwen GD (1989) Treatment of failed open reduction for congenital dislocation of the hip. J Paediatr Orthop, 1989; 9: 633–9.
3. Kamath SU, Bennet GC. Re-dislocation following open reduction for developmental dysplasia of the hip. Int Orthop. 2005; 29: 191–194
4. Kershaw CJ, Ware HE, Pattinson R, Fixsen JA. Revision of failed open reduction of congenital dislocation of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1993; 75: 744-9
5. Chmielewski J, Albiñana J. Failures of open reduction in developmental dislocation of the hip. J Pediatr Orthop B, 2002; 11: 284-9
6. Vitale MG, Skaggs DL. Developmental dysplasia of the hip froms ix months to four years of age. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2001; 9: 401-11.
7. Sankar WN, Young CR, Lin AG, et al. Risk factors for failure after open reduction for DDH: a matched cohort analysis. J Pediatr Orthop, 2011; 31(3): 232-9.
8. Bhaskar A, Desai H, Jain G. Risk factors for early redislocation after primary treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip: Is there a protective influence of the ossific nucleus? Indian J Orthop. 2016; 50(5): 479-85.

How to Cite this Article: Singh V, Chaudhary S, Yasam R, Garg V, Barik S | Re-dislocation After Primary Open Reduction in DDH-Management and Early Results | International Journal of Paediatric Orthopaedics | May-August 2020; 6(2): 48-52.

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Foreword

Volume 6 | Issue 2 | May-August 2020 | Page: 1 | Dhiren Ganjwala

Authors : Dhiren Ganjwala [1]

[1] Ganjwala Orthopedic Hospital, 302, Anshi Avenue, Polytechnic, Ahmedabad 380015, Gujarat, India.

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Dhiren Ganjwala,
Director, Ganjwala Orthopedic Hospital
302, Anshi Avenue, Polytechnic, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
E-mail: ganjwala@gmail.com

Life is a learning process and learning is a lifelong process. This is true for professionals in any field as knowledge expands rapidly and it is difficult to keep pace with it. Paediatric Orthopaedic Society of India (POSI) has hosted a variety of educational activities in the field of paediatric orthopaedics to support our one common aim: improving the quality of patient care. International Journal of Paediatric Orthopaedics (IJPO), the official journal of POSI is an important tool to serve this purpose. I wish that the knowledge circulated by IJPO will improve the quality of care offered to children not only in India but around the world. I congratulate Dr. Jayanth Sampath, the current editor of IJPO, for the hard work and untiring efforts to make this possible. I also thank the editorial board members for their dedication and devotion to bring out such an informative inaugural issue. It is a matter of pride that the contributors to this issue are from different countries across 3 continents. I wish IJPO every success in its mission to disseminate knowledge for better treatment to children suffering from musculoskeletal problems.

Dhiren Ganjwala
The President, POSI

How to Cite this Article: Ganjwala D | Foreword | International Journal of Paediatric Orthopaedics | May-August 2020; 6(2): 01.

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Current Concepts in The Management of Septic Hip Sequelae in Children

Volume 6 | Issue 2 | May-August 2020 | Page: 39-47 | Shobhit Gupta, Anil Agarwal

Authors: Shobhit Gupta [1], Anil Agarwal [1]

[1] Department of Orthopedics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Geeta Colony, Delhi, India.

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Anil Agarwal,
Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Geeta Colony, Delhi, India, 110031
E-mail: anilrachna@gmail.com

Abstract

Septic arthritis of the hip can have a serious impact on long term function. From minor changes to severe destruction of proximal femoral anatomy, the spectrum varies. The consequence is altered biomechanics of hip joint leading to pain, limp, instability, stiffness and gait abnormalities. Management of these sequelae has evolved over the years. Less severe sequelae are relatively easy to manage and have reasonably predictable results. Severe sequelae of septic hip, on the other hand pose a significant surgical challenge. Correction of limb length discrepancy, providing stable hips, and elimination of Trendelenburg gait with preservation of hip range of motion should be the main aims in the management of sequelae of the septic hip. Needless to say, even in this era of powerful antibiotics and advanced surgical techniques, early recognition of septic arthritis and timely intervention are of paramount importance in ensuring good long-term hip function.
Keywords: Sepsis; Hip; Sequelae; Choi classification.

References 

1. Fabry G, Meire E. Septic arthritis of the hip in children: poor results after late and inadequate treatment. J Pediatr Orthop. 1983;3:461-466.
2. Vidigal Júnior EC, Vidigal EC, Fernandes JL. Avascular necrosis as a complication of septic arthritis of the hip in children. Int Orthop. 1997;21:389-392.
3. Johari AN, Hampannavar A, Johari RA, Dhawale AA. Coxa vara in post septic arthritis of the hip in children. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2017;26:313-319.
4. Nunn TR, Cheung WY, Rollinson PD. A prospective study of pyogenic sepsis of the hip in childhood. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2007;89:100-106.
5. Betz RR, Cooperman DR, Wopperer JM, Sutherland RD, White JJ Jr, Schaaf HW, Aschliman MR, Choi IH, Bowen JR, Gillespie R. Late sequelae of septic arthritis of the hip in infancy and childhood. J Pediatr Orthop. 1990;10:365-372.
6. Choi IH, Pizzutillo PD, Bowen JR, Dragann R, Malhis T. Sequelae and reconstruction after septic arthritis of the hip in infants. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990;72:1150-1650.
7. Hunka L, Said SE, MacKenzie DA, Rogala EJ, Cruess RL. Classification and surgical management of severe sequelae of septic hips in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982;171:30-36.
8. Forlin E, Milani C. Sequelae of septic arthritis of the hip in children: a new classification and a review of 41 hips. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28:524-528.
9. Wada A, Fujii T, Takamura K, Yanagida H, Urano N, Surijamorn P. Operative reconstruction of the sever sequelae of infantile septic arthritis of the hip. J Pediatr Orthop. 2007;27:910-914.
10. Manzotti A, Rovetta L, Pullen C, Catagni MA. Treatment of the late sequelae of septic arthritis of the hip. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;410:203-212.
11. Choi IH, Shin YW, Chung CY, Cho TJ, Yoo WJ, Lee DY. Surgical treatment of the severe sequelae of infantile septic arthritis of the hip. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005;434:102-109.
12. Li XD, Chen B, Fan J, Zheng CY, Liu DX, Wang H, Xia X, Ji SJ, Du SX. Evaluation of the modified Albee arthroplasty for femoral head loss secondary to septic arthritis in young children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92:1370-1380.
13. Johari AN, Dhawale AA, Johari RA. Management of post septic hip dislocations when the capital femoral epiphysis is present. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2011;20:413-421.
14. Kanojia RK, Gupta S, Kumar A, Reddy BK. Closed reduction, osteotomy, and fibular graft are effective in treating pediatric femoral neck pseudarthrosis after infection. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2018;476:1479-1490.
15. Agarwal A, Aggarwal AN. Sequelae of septic hip and it’s reconstruction. In: Agarwal A, Aggarwal AN, editors. Pediatric osteoarticular infections. Delhi: Jaypee; 2014. p. 75-92.
16. Choi IH, Yoo WJ, Cho TJ, Chung CY. Operative reconstruction for septic arthritis of the hip. Orthop Clin North Am. 2006;37:173-83.
17. Rastogi P, Agarwal A. Management of post septic sequelae of hips with dislocation in children. Int Orthop. 2020. doi: 10.1007/s00264-020-04743-2.
18. Albee FH. Arthroplasty of the hip and preservation of its stability. Ann Surg. 1935;102:108-114.
19. L’Episcopo JB. Stabilization of pathological dislocation of the hip in children. J Bone Joint Surg. 1936;18:737-742.
20. Harmon PH. Surgical treatment of residual deformity from suppurative arthritis of hip occurring in young children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1942;24:576-585.
21. Colonna PC. A new type of reconstruction operation for old ununited fractures of the neck of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg. 1935;17:110-122.
22. Cheng JC, Aguilar J, Leung PC. Hip reconstruction for femoral head loss from septic arthritis in children. A preliminary report. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1995;314:214-224.
23. Freeland AE, Sullivan DJ, Westin GW. Greater trochanteric hip arthroplasty in children with loss of the femoral head. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62:1351-1361.
24. Pafilas D, Nayagam S. The pelvic support osteotomy: indications and preoperative planning. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr. 2008;3:83-92.
25 Lunseth PA, Heiple KG. Prognosis in septic arthritis of the hip in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1979;139:81-85.
26. Lee SC, Shim JS, Seo SW, Lee SS. Prognostic factors of septic arthritis of hip in infants and neonates: minimum 5-year follow-up. Clin Orthop Surg. 2015;7:110-119.

How to Cite this Article: Gupta S, Agarwal A | Current Concepts in The Management of Septic Hip Sequelae in Children| International Journal of Paediatric Orthopaedics | May-August 2020; 6(2): 39-47.

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