Introduction to Paediatric Musculoskeletal Infections -A Review Article
Volume 9 | Issue 3 | September-December 2023 | Page: 02-08 | Suresh Chand, Bhushan Sagade, Udit Agarwal, Nishant Jagdale, Smit Rajput
DOI- https://doi.org/10.13107/ijpo.2023.v09.i03.156
Authors: Suresh Chand MS Ortho [1], Bhushan Sagade MS Ortho [2], Udit Agarwal MS Ortho [1], Nishant Jagdale DNB Ortho [2], Smit Rajput MD [3]
[1] Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India.
[2] Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India.
[3] Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University and ECU Health Medical Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
Address of Correspondence
Dr. Nishant Jagdale,
Fellow in Paediatric Orthopaedics, Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India.
E-mail: nishant93ortho@gmail.com
Abstract
Paediatric Musculoskeletal Infections include osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, pyomyositis, surgical site infections, tuberculosis, and fungal infections with some infrequent manifestations like purpura fulminans, necrotizing fasciitis, soft tissue abscess and septic bursitis. Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis are two common Musculoskeletal Infections. Vertebral tuberculosis is the most common form of skeletal tuberculosis. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent cause of Paediatric Musculoskeletal Infections, followed by streptococci. They can be classified on the basis of pathogen, anatomical site, spread, severity etc. Pathogenic organisms may reach a bone or soft tissue location by either of the three means: (a) direct inoculation from penetrating trauma or surgery, (b) contiguous spread from an adjacent soft tissue infection, (c) hematogenous spread from a distant focus of infection with hematogenous spread being the most common cause. It is a complex interplay between the host and the pathogen which plays major role in these infections. Peculiar anatomy of the metaphysis with classical hairpin loop system of the end arterioles and venous sinusoids aids in pathogen entry into the host. After successful invasion of the host, bacteria escapes the host immunity through various mechanisms, complement component pathway being the most common way. Also the various toxins and proteins secreted by bacteria plays an important role in adhesion, invasion, escape form immunity and spread of the infection. This review article helps in understanding this complex interplay between host and pathogen which ultimately results in infection
Keywords: Paediatric Musculoskeletal infections, Osteomyelitis, Pyomyositis, Septic Arthritis.
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| How to Cite this Article: Chand S, Sagade B, Agarwa U, Jagdale N, Rajput S | Introduction to Paediatric Musculoskeletal Infections- A Review Article | International Journal of Paediatric Orthopaedics | September- December 2023; 9(3): 02-08.| https://doi.org/10.13107/ijpo.2023.v09.i03.156 |
